Wild Boar in the Vineyard: Martin Luther at the Birth of the Modern World

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German New Testament
Strasbourg: Johann Schott, 1523
Burke Union Rare Folio CB77 1523

First appearing in September 1522 (the so-called “September Testament”), Luther’s New Testament was reprinted more than 50 times over the next four years. The two marginal manicules in this 1523 edition point to key passages in St. Paul’s “Epistle to the Romans” central to Luther’s pre-1517 study and to his ongoing theological program:

“For the wages of sin is death, but the free gift of God is eternal life in Christ Jesus our Lord.” (6:23)

“And in the same way, my friends, you have died to the law through the body of Christ, so that you may belong to one another, to him who has been raised from the dead in order that we may bear fruit for God.” (7:4)