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Thomas Müntzer was among the "radicals" initially sympathetic to some of Luther’s teachings, but he and Luther became bitter opponents. Müntzer remained an important figure and his image appeared on the 5 Mark bill of the German Democratic Republic.…

Luther edited and wrote the preface to the Theologia Germanica. This anonymous 14th century mystical work enjoined union with God and self-renunciation and was a favorite of Luther’s. In addition to its theology, the fact that it was written in…

In this work, published after his controversial Against the Murderous, Thieving Hordes of Peasants and after the peak of the uprisings, Luther does not retract his attacks levelled there, which many of his allies and supporters had decried, though he…

The woodcut illustration depicts the seven sacraments: baptism, confirmation, eucharist (holy communion), penance, marriage, priestly ordination, anointing of the sick.

"The peasant from Wöhrd-by-Nuremberg" was an appellation for the author of this sermon, an itinerant radical preacher at the time of German Peasants’ War. Its theme of the religious value of the layperson indicates how one of Luther’s defining…

Cheat sheet

Conservation assessment: Stable; delicate surfaces, but stable